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草葉集-惠特曼詩選【中英對照版】

Leaves of Grass:Seleted Poems of Walt Whitman

 

華特‧惠特曼(Walt Whitman)◎著

張家綺◎譯

 

【類別】:詩、美國文學

【出版日】:西元2017年12月15日

【開本/頁數/定價】:平裝/單色印刷/14.8*21公分/224頁/定價250元

【ISBN/CIP/條碼】:978-986-178-426-7

【適讀年齡】:無分齡

【購書連結】:博客來網路書店  http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010773077

金石堂網路書店 https://www.kingstone.com.tw/book/book_page.asp?kmcode=2018740956677

 

「美國本身就是一首最了不起的詩」──華特.惠特曼

沒有一個美國詩人比惠特曼更具有影響力。早在150年前,他就以詩的創作,表現了民主與自由、生命與死亡的各種辯證。他歌頌商人、木匠、耕童、罪犯;他歌頌母親、女工、娼妓;他歌頌靈魂,也歌頌肉體;歌頌群體,也歌頌個人。

《草葉集》於1855年自費出版,從最初短短的95頁,歷經惠特曼一生的8次增訂、改版,直到他過世為止,這部詩集已成為收錄上百篇詩作、長達數百頁的鉅著。如今,《草葉集》是美國文學史上最具代表性的著作之一。惠特曼友人暨評論家瑪麗‧貝倫森(Mary Berenson)曾說:「沒有惠特曼,沒有草葉集,就不可能真正了解美國。」

對於遠在台灣的我們,透過《草葉集》汲取惠特曼的思想,或許可以這麼說吧:沒有惠特曼,沒有草葉集,就不可能真正了解何謂自由,何謂民主。

《草葉集》的主題看似崇高至上,好像不斷訴說著精神和智識的重要性,然而惠特曼自己曾寫道:「就核心主旨而言,我希望《草葉集》帶來的直接影響是關乎生命的,關乎血肉的,也關乎身體慾望,關乎動物本能。《草葉集》並非一部歌詠理性或是學術性質的創作詩集,而是發自情緒與肉體的激情吶喊。」

靈魂與肉體在詩裡彼此對立卻又互相協調,正是這樣的二元辯證,使得惠特曼的詩無論在思想上或是美學上,都有著不可動搖的經典地位

 本書精選50篇草葉集選詩,從人類處境的長篇高歌,到自我思索的喃喃絮語,橫跨了惠特曼的早年至晚年。並有中英雙語對照,帶你掌握經典原文。

 

 

高中公民教師、《思辨》作者   黃益中  熱血推薦!

 

〈寫給你〉(To You)

陌生人啊,你我若相逢,而你欲對我言語,何不對我訴說?

我又何不對你傾訴?

 

〈我歌頌自我〉(One's Self I Sing

我歌頌自我,一個簡單獨立個體,

也訴說民主與群眾的語言。

 

〈始自巴馬諾克〉(Starting From Paumanok

我會寫出豐富資產的真實詩歌,

為身心寫出不被死亡所擾的永恆事物;

我要頌揚自我主義,萬物的根基,我會是歌唱人格的吟遊詩人。

 

〈我歌頌電流竄動的肉體〉(I Sing the Body Electric

肉體真的不能如同靈魂完美?

若軀體不是靈魂,那靈魂又為何物?

 

//作者簡介//

華特惠特曼 Walt Whitman (1819-1892)

美國最偉大的作家之一,也是第一位「民主詩人」。生於勞工階級家庭,曾任排版工、記者、教師,並遊歷美國各地,內戰時期自願到前線擔任醫療人員。

1855年自費出版《草葉集》,畢生不斷增訂、改版,這本詩集對往後的美國文學有著根本的影響。惠特曼詩作的特色在於,他拋棄押韻、格律等傳統形式,並融合了理想主義與現實主義,創造出帶有散文形式的自由詩(free verse)。

惠特曼歌頌自由、民主、進步,與靈魂,也讚頌肉體與性。他理想中的民主不只是個人的,也是普遍的,其思想提倡各種階級、宗教、性別、性傾向的平等。

晚年,因中風造成的病痛不斷,於1892年病逝於紐澤西。惠特曼留下的知識遺產,被視作美國不可或缺的一部分。

 

//譯者簡介//

張家綺

畢業於中興大學外國語文學系,英國新堡大學筆譯研究所,法國巴黎Speos攝影學院新聞攝影。現任專職譯者,譯作十餘部。

 

//購書來這!//

博客來網路書店  http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010773077

金石堂網路書店 https://www.kingstone.com.tw/book/book_page.asp?kmcode=2018740956677

 

//內頁版型//

草葉集內頁_1.jpg

草葉集內頁_2.jpg

 

//目錄//

1 我歌頌自我 One's Self I Sing

2獻給美國 To the States

3 獻給女高音 To a Certain Cantatrice

4 我聽見美國高歌 I Hear America Singing

5 莫關上門 Shut not Your Doors

6 寫給你 To You

7 給讀者 Thou Reader

8 始自巴馬諾克 Starting from Paumanok

9 前進世界的伊甸園 To the Garden the World

10 我歌頌電流竄動的肉體 I Sing the Body Electric

11 我倆一直被蒙在鼓裡 We Two, How Long We were Fool'd

12 無論你是誰,現在請擁著我 Whoever You are, Holding Me Now in Hand

13 不再從我瘦骨如柴的胸口呼吸 Not Heaving from My Ribb'd Breast Only

14 未來的紀錄人 Recorders Ages Hence

15 寫給陌生人 To a Stranger

16 當我細細研究英雄的盛名 When I peruse the Conquer'd Fame

17 我最脆弱的葉子 Here the Frailest Leaves of Me

18 沒有省力的機器 No Labor-Saving Machine

19 宇宙之歌 Song of the Universal

20 我與我的所有 Myself and Mine

21 一人的海邊夜晚 On the Beach at Night, Alone

22 海洋與船之歌 Song for All Seas, All Ships

23 噢,我啊!噢,人生! O Me! O Life!

24 我坐著觀望 I Sit and Look Out

25 農地風光 A Farm-Picture

26 母與嬰 Mother and Babe

27 遮蔽 Visor'd

28 思想 Thought

29 思想 Thought

30 思想 Thought

31 獻給老年 To Old Age

32 一八六一年 Eighteen Sixty-One

33 船艦之城 City of Ships

34 爸啊,快從田地回來 Come up from the Fields, Father

35 黎明時刻的軍營一景 A Sight in Camp in the Day-Break Grey and Dim

36 敷藥人 The Wound-Dresser

37 噢,船長!我的船長! O Captain! My Captain!

38 城市太平間 The City Dead-House

39 監獄歌手 The Singer in the Prison

40 獻給釘死十字架的他 To Him that was Crucified

41 法庭審判的重罪犯 You Felons on Trial in Courts

42 寫給一名普通娼妓 To a Common Prostitute

43 我日夜都深愛著他 Of Him I Love Day and Night

44 即使在喪志之時 Yet, Yet, Ye Downcast Hours

45 獻給臨終者 To One Shortly to Die

46 面孔 Faces

47 走過清朗壯闊的歲月 As I Walk these Broad Majestic Days

48 百老匯 Broadway

49 我渺小的歌曲主題 Small the Theme of My Chant

50 再會,我的想像! Good-Bye My Fancy!

 

//書摘//

#1 我歌頌自我

我歌頌自我,一個簡單獨立個體,

也訴說民主與群眾的語言。

 

我歌頌人體,從頭到腳,

不僅容貌和大腦值得繆思的歌聲──完整的形體更值得頌揚;

我歌頌男人,也平等地歌頌女人。

 

我歌頌熱情、脈動與力量豐沛飽滿的生命,

歡呼吧,因神聖律法下,最自由自在的行動成形,

我歌頌現代人類。

 

One's Self I Sing

One’s-self I sing, a simple, separate Person,

Yet utter the word Democratic, the word En-Masse.

 

Of Physiology from top to toe I sing,

Not physiognomy alone nor brain alone is worthy for the muse–I say the Form complete is worthier far;

The Female equally with the male I sing.

 

Of Life immense in passion, pulse, and power,

Cheerful, for freest action form'd, under the laws divine,

The Modern Man I sing.

 

 

#3 獻給女高音

來吧,帶走這份贈禮!

這是我為英雄、演說家或將軍保留的禮物,

一個為人類貢獻、促進偉大思想、進步與自由的人,

一位反抗暴君、勇敢無畏的反叛份子,

但我明白,我保留的禮物既屬於他們,也屬於你。

 

To a Certain Cantatrice

Here, take this gift!       

I was reserving it for some hero, speaker, or general,

One who should serve the good old cause, the great idea, the progress and freedom of the race,

Some brave confronter of despots, some daring rebel,

But I see that what I was reserving belongs to you just as much as to any.

 

 

#4 我聽見美國高歌

我聽見美國高歌,耳邊響起五花八門的頌歌,

每個商人高唱自我的頌歌,如同料想一樣快活與強壯,

木匠哼著屬於自己的歌,測量木板或橫梁,

石匠唱著屬於他的歌曲,準備上工或下工,

船夫一一歌唱出船隻物品,汽船水手站在甲板哼唱,

鞋匠坐在板凳上高歌,帽商佇立歡唱,

在早晨路上,下午休息,黃昏時分,伐木工之歌,耕童之歌,響起翩翩旋律,

母親的清甜歌喉,年輕嬌妻忙碌時的歌聲,紡織與洗衣女工的嗓音──人人皆唱出專屬她的歌曲,

白日唱出專屬白日的,夜晚群聚的年輕小伙子,

神采奕奕、和善地張大嘴,唱出他們堅定卻悅耳的歌聲。

 

I Hear America Singing

I Hear America singing, the varied carols I hear,

Those of mechanics, each one singing his, as it should be, blithe and strong,

The carpenter singing his, as he measures his plank or beam,

The mason singing his, as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work,

The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck,

The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands,

The wood-cutter's song, the ploughboy's, on his way in the morning, or at the noon intermission, or at sundown,

The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing–Each singing what belongs to her, and to none else,

The day what belongs to the day, At night, the party of young fellows, robust, friendly,

Singing, with open mouths, their strong melodious songs.

 

 

#12 無論你是誰,現在請擁著我

無論你是誰,現在請擁著我,

若無這麼做,一切皆枉然,

我要趁你再次測試我前,公正警告你,

我並非你所想,事實截然不同。

 

誰願追隨我的腳步?

誰欲主動追求我的愛?

 

方向不清,結果曖昧,可能毀滅;

你必須放棄他者,只有我能當你的神,獨一無二,絕無僅有的神,

你的修道之路或許漫長倦怠,

必須拋棄過去的人生道理,忘卻你和親友的一致與相似。

 

所以趁陷入折磨前,放手讓我走吧,鬆開我的肩,

放下我,踏上屬於你的道路。

 

或在森林裡偷偷接受考驗,

光天化日下把我藏在岩石背後,

(我不會在遮風避雨的房裡,而是形單影隻,

像個啞巴、呆子、未出生的嬰孩或亡者般躺在圖書館。)

卻可能和你踏遍高山,不必憂心任何煩擾,走好幾哩路通往未知,

或是跟你在海上航行,漂至海邊或靜謐小島,

我准許你在這兒將你的唇蓋上我的,

猶如同袍間長長的吻,或新郎的吻,

只因我是你的新郎,也是你的同袍。

 

或者如果你願意,可以將我塞入衣衫下,

我能感受你心跳的搏動,或棲息在你臀間,

上山下海都帶著我;

如此貼近你我已心滿意足,已是最好,

就這麼貼近你,沉沉入睡,永遠跟著你。

 

但書頁欺瞞你,你在危機中瞞天過海,

只因你摸不清書頁與我,

書頁撲朔迷離,而後我亦必迷惑你,

即使你以為無庸置疑掌握我,但瞧!

我卻早已掙脫你。

 

這不是我寫這本書的用意,

即使讀了這本書,你也不會明瞭,

最瞭解與崇拜我、崇高地讚美我的人也不能,

即使想獲得我的愛,亦不會得手,(極少人有能耐,)

我的詩篇帶來的不只有好處,還有壞處,甚至更多;

我已提示你,你千方百計依然會猜不中,皆淪枉然;

因此放下我,踏上屬於你的道路。

 

Whoever You are, Holding Me Now in Hand

Whoever you are, holding me now in hand,

Without one thing, all will be useless,

I give you fair warning, before you attempt me further,

I am not what you supposed, but far different.

 

Who is he that would become my follower?

Who would sign himself a candidate for my affections?

 

The way is suspicious, the result uncertain, perhaps destructive;

You would have to give up all else, I alone would expect to be your God, sole and exclusive,

Your novitiate would even then be long and exhausting,

The whole past theory of your life, and all conformity to the lives around you, would have to be abandon’d,

Therefore release me now, before troubling yourself any further, Let go your hand from my shoulders,      

Put me down, and depart on your way. 

 

Or else, by stealth, in some wood, for trial,  

Or back of a rock, in the open air, 

(For in any roof’d room of a house I emerge not, nor in company,       

And in libraries I lie as one dumb, a gawk, or unborn, or dead,) 

But just possibly with you on a high hill, first watching lest any person, for miles around, approach unawares,       

Or possibly with you sailing at sea, or on the beach of the sea, or some quiet island,

Here to put your lips upon mine I permit you,      

With the comrade’s long-dwelling kiss, or the new husband’s kiss,      

For I am the new husband, and I am the comrade.

 

Or, if you will, thrusting me beneath your clothing,    

Where I may feel the throbs of your heart, or rest upon your hip,       

Carry me when you go forth over land or sea;     

For thus, merely touching you, is enough, is best,         

And thus, touching you, would I silently sleep and be carried eternally.    

 

But these leaves conning, you con at peril,  

For these leaves, and me, you will not understand,      

They will elude you at first, and still more afterward, I will certainly elude you,      

Even while you should think you had unquestionably caught me, behold!   

Already you see I have escaped from you.   

 

For it is not for what I have put into it that I have written this book,  

Nor is it by reading it you will acquire it,    

Nor do those know me best who admire me, and vauntingly praise me,     

Nor will the candidates for my love, (unless at most a very few,) prove victorious,    

Nor will my poems do good only, they will do just as much evil, perhaps more;       

For all is useless without that which you may guess at many times and not hit, that which I hinted at;

Therefore release me, and depart on your way.

 

 

#15 寫給陌生人

擦身而過的陌生人!你不知我凝望你的眼神有多熱切,

你肯定就是我踏破鐵鞋尋覓的那個他,或她(出現在我夢裡的那個人),

我必定曾在哪兒與你度過愉快人生,

我們擦身而過那瞬間,我憶起彼此的流動、熱情、貞潔與成熟,

你是與我一齊長大的男孩,或女孩,

我們食宿不離,你的身體不只是你的,我的身體也不再只是我,

我們錯身而過時,你獻予我你雙眼、臉龐、肉體的愉悅,

你環視我的鬍子、胸膛、雙手。

我沉默不語,獨自一人坐著,或在深夜清醒時,想著你,

我耐心守候,不用懷疑就知道,我們終將再會,

我會確定我不會失去你。

 

To a Stranger

Passing stranger! you do not know how longingly I look upon you,   

You must be he I was seeking, or she I was seeking, (it comes to me, as of a dream,)

I have somewhere surely lived a life of joy with you,  

All is recall’d as we flit by each other, fluid, affectionate, chaste, matured,      

You grew up with me, were a boy with me, or a girl with me,              

I ate with you, and slept with you, your body has become not yours only, nor left my body mine only,      

You give me the pleasure of your eyes, face, flesh, as we pass, you take of my beard, breast, hands, in return,     

I am not to speak to you, I am to think of you when I sit alone, or wake at night alone,     

I am to wait, I do not doubt I am to meet you again,    

I am to see to it that I do not lose you.

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